Top 100 Scientists

Oceania Top 100 Scientists 2025

Top 100 scientists can be ranked globally or specific to the following regions including Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, Oceania, Arab League, ASEAN, EECA, and BRICS based on total H-index scores without any breakdown by subject areas. Top 100 rankings in the world, in a continent, or a region include standardized subjects areas of Agriculture & Forestry, Arts, Design and Architecture, Business & Management, Economics & Econometrics, Education, Engineering & Technology, History, Philosophy, Theology, Law/Law and Legal Studies, Medical and Health Sciences, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, Art and Humanities Rankings and Social Sciences and Humanities Rankings BETA VERSION. Subject field ranking in world, region, country and university is beta version since subject field "others" (873,690 scientists profile whose branch cannot be determined, not yet edited or determined) is excluded, so the ranking will change as the others fields are edited. Please note that. Subjects indicated as “ * others ” will not be included in the ranking by regions and subjects.

map
Total 271 scientist
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 1
Martin Asplund
Astrophysics
stellar astrophysics
Galactic astronomy
extrasolar planets
early Universe
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
116
330
58,274
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 5
Ian S Williams
SIMS microanalysis (SHRIMP)
isotope geochemistry
geochronology
palaeoclimatology
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
96
263
42,181
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 10
AJ Jakeman
Hydrology
integrated water resources assessment
modeling
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
78
248
30,515

Enroll all your faculty members with discounted institutional membership to showcase your institution's academic strength to the world in the best way possible – join now and achieve results fast! 

* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 11
DWT Griffith
atmospheric science
atmospheric chemistry
atmospheric measurement techniquies
spectroscopy
Fourier Transform spectroscopy
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
77
259
22,217
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 13
Chiew Francis
Hydrological modelling
Hydroclimatology
Water resources
Integrated basin management
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
75
218
22,845
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 14
Jason Beringer
Land ecosystem atmosphere interactions
Global change
Terrestrial ecosystem ecology
Micrometeorology
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
72
162
19,039
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 19
Amanda Karakas
Astronomy - Astrophysics - stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis - abundances - chemical evolution
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
65
179
15,332
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 22
David Noone
atmospheric science
meteorology climate
water cycle
stable isotopes
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
63
131
11,656
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 23
Ian Bond
Astrophysics
computing and IT applications to astronomy
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
62
201
20,534
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 27
Owen Thomas Denmead
Micrometeorology
soil
water
fluxes between earth & atmosphere
greenhouse and agriculture
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
60
125
12,879
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 38
QJ Wang
Hydrology
ensemble forecasting
Bayesian statistical modelling
uncertainty
irrigation
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
53
142
9,323
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 40
Seth Westra
hydrology
climate
extreme rainfall
flood estimation
drought
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
52
90
15,133
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 42
Nicholas Jones
Atmospheric composition
Remote sensing
Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
52
128
8,039
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 43
Matthew C. Wheeler
Tropical meteorology
monsoons
equatorial waves
Madden-Julian oscillation
climate dynamics
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
51
85
29,843
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 45
Peter May
Radar remot sensing
cloud physics
convective storms
tropical cyclones
precipitation
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
50
115
6,330
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 46
Richard Scalzo
Physics simulations
Bayesian inference
MCMC
Inverse problems
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
49
81
12,449
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 47
Elizabeth Ebert
Forecast verification
high impact weather
weather-related applications
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
49
95
12,861
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 48
Barry Croke
Hydrology
integrated water resource management
uncertainty analysis
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
49
119
11,254
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 50
Alain Protat
Radar Meteorology
Clouds
Convection
Satellite Missions
Model Evaluation
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
48
150
7,693
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 52
Keith Smettem
hydrology
water research
soil physics
ecohydrology
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
48
111
6,873
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 53
Tim White
Astrophysics
Asteroseismology
Optical Interferometry
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
47
85
8,760
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 54
Valentin Christiaens
Astrophysics
Exoplanets
Circumstellar disks
Spiral arms
High-contrast imaging
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
44
75
5,142
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 65
Natalia Restrepo Coupe
Micrometeorology
hydroclimatology
remote sensing
phenology
biogeochemical cycles
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
40
65
6,473
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 66
Paul Hesse
Quaternary palaeoclimatology
aeolian geomorphology
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
40
74
6,049
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 72
John Morgan
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Solar/Heliosphere/Ionosphere Science
Geodesy
Astronomy Education
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
38
65
5,435
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 74
David Freebairn
hydrology
erosion
water quality
cropping systems
decision support
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
38
69
9,134
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 77
Eun-Pa Lim
variability and predictability of large-scale circulations (e.g. ENSO
IOD
SAM )
seasonal prediction
dynamics & statistics of
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
35
57
3,964
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 79
Andrew Marshall
Subseasonal to seasonal climate prediction
variability and extremes
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
35
52
3,735
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 80
Jenny Fisher
Atmospheric Chemistry
Chemical Transport Models
Pollution Transport
Arctic Pollution
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
34
49
6,159
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 81
Mark Thyer
hydrology
flood and drought
stormwater
water use
risk and uncertainty
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
34
56
5,262
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 82
Alastair Williams
boundary layer meteorology
atmospheric turbulence and mixing
atmospheric radon
atmospheric composition
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
34
79
3,434
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 84
Gilbert Brunet
Numerical Weather-Climate-Environmental Prediction
Weather and Climate Dynamics
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
34
55
5,940
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 91
Lynda E Chambers
Ecology
Climatology
Traditional Knowledge
Statistics
Biodiversity
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
32
59
5,782
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 94
Jatin Kala
Land-Atmosphere Interactions
Boundary-Layer Meteorology
Regional Climate Modeling
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
31
43
5,986
* Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 99
Sander Scheffers
Marine Science
Decommissioning
Ecotoxicology
Coral Reef Ecology
Biodiversity
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation
31
52
3,829
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 1
Martin Asplund
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
116
330
58,274
Astrophysics
stellar astrophysics
Galactic astronomy
extrasolar planets
early Universe
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 2
Bruce A Peterson
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
102
249
52,964
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 3
Brian Schmidt
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
97
243
70,658
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 4
Tim Bedding
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
97
332
32,441
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 5
Ian S Williams
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
96
263
42,181
SIMS microanalysis (SHRIMP)
isotope geochemistry
geochronology
palaeoclimatology
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 6
Michael S Bessell
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
91
252
37,141
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 7
Tamara Maree Davis
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
86
226
30,757
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 8
Michael J Drinkwater
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
84
173
25,583
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 9
Thomas A McMahon
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
79
237
46,378
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 10
AJ Jakeman
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
78
248
30,515

Enroll all your faculty members with discounted institutional membership to showcase your institution's academic strength to the world in the best way possible – join now and achieve results fast! 

Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 11
DWT Griffith
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
77
259
22,217
atmospheric science
atmospheric chemistry
atmospheric measurement techniquies
spectroscopy
Fourier Transform spectroscopy
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 12
Steven Tingay
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
75
303
27,693
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 13
Chiew Francis
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
75
218
22,845
Hydrological modelling
Hydroclimatology
Water resources
Integrated basin management
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 14
Jason Beringer
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
72
162
19,039
Land ecosystem atmosphere interactions
Global change
Terrestrial ecosystem ecology
Micrometeorology
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 15
Nicholas Seymour
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
72
179
16,391
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 16
Rachel Webster
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
71
204
21,613
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 17
Chris Wilcox
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
67
151
32,553
conservation biology
fisheries
statistics
movement
incentives
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 18
Brian Boyle
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
66
187
46,029
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 19
Amanda Karakas
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
65
179
15,332
Astronomy - Astrophysics - stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis - abundances - chemical evolution
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 20
Naomi McClure Griffiths
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
64
173
15,792
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 21
Alasdair Dougal Mackey
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
63
138
12,051
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 22
David Noone
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
63
131
11,656
atmospheric science
meteorology climate
water cycle
stable isotopes
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 23
Ian Bond
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
62
201
20,534
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 24
Lee Spitler
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
62
127
15,895
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 25
Randall Wayth
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
61
185
20,259
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 26
Steven Sherwood
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
60
124
21,196
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 27
Owen Thomas Denmead
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
60
125
12,879
Micrometeorology
soil
water
fluxes between earth & atmosphere
greenhouse and agriculture
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 28
Aaron Dotter
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
59
130
21,332
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 29
Richard de Grijs
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
58
216
14,514
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 30
Geoffrey Bicknell
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
57
154
11,114
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 31
James Risbey
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
56
129
11,410
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 32
Roberto Soria
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
55
169
9,215
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 34
Simon Ellingsen
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
55
164
11,069
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 35
Guang Zeng
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
54
103
15,920
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 36
James Renwick
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
54
114
16,668
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 37
Bernhard Mueller
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
53
89
10,798
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 38
QJ Wang
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
53
142
9,323
Hydrology
ensemble forecasting
Bayesian statistical modelling
uncertainty
irrigation
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 39
Nigel Maxted
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
53
117
13,553
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 40
Seth Westra
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
52
90
15,133
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 41
Jean Pierre Macquart
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
52
117
9,882
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 42
Nicholas Jones
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
52
128
8,039
Atmospheric composition
Remote sensing
Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 43
Matthew C. Wheeler
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
51
85
29,843
Tropical meteorology
monsoons
equatorial waves
Madden-Julian oscillation
climate dynamics
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 45
Peter May
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
50
115
6,330
Radar remot sensing
cloud physics
convective storms
tropical cyclones
precipitation
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 46
Richard Scalzo
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
49
81
12,449
Physics simulations
Bayesian inference
MCMC
Inverse problems
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 47
Elizabeth Ebert
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
49
95
12,861
Forecast verification
high impact weather
weather-related applications
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 48
Barry Croke
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
49
119
11,254
Hydrology
integrated water resource management
uncertainty analysis
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 49
Christopher W Hickey
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
49
101
7,491
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 50
Alain Protat
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
48
150
7,693
Radar Meteorology
Clouds
Convection
Satellite Missions
Model Evaluation
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 51
Valentijn Pauwels
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
48
101
7,182
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 52
Keith Smettem
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
48
111
6,873
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 53
Tim White
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
47
85
8,760
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 54
Valentin Christiaens
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
44
75
5,142
Astrophysics
Exoplanets
Circumstellar disks
Spiral arms
High-contrast imaging
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 56
Neil McIntyre
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
44
96
7,284
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 57
Dongryeol Ryu
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
43
108
6,868
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 58
Patrick Lane
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
43
88
6,074
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 59
Scott Larned
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
43
66
7,110
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 60
Stefan Keller
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
43
72
8,334
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 61
Eva Van Gorsel
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
42
62
7,360
turbulence
carbon exchange and water use
micrometeorology
ecology
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 63
Stewart W Franks
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
42
66
10,791
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 65
Natalia Restrepo Coupe
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
40
65
6,473
Micrometeorology
hydroclimatology
remote sensing
phenology
biogeochemical cycles
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 66
Paul Hesse
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
40
74
6,049
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 67
Iain Reid
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
40
106
6,062
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 68
Rory Nathan
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
39
116
11,545
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 69
Caroline Poulsen
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
39
61
6,025
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 70
Simon D. Hoyle
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
39
97
5,023
Fisheries
stock assessment
population dynamics
modelling
statistics
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 71
Andrew Sturman
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
39
92
5,376
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 72
John Morgan
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
38
65
5,435
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Solar/Heliosphere/Ionosphere Science
Geodesy
Astronomy Education
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 73
Bryson Bates
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
38
77
14,567
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 74
David Freebairn
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
38
69
9,134
hydrology
erosion
water quality
cropping systems
decision support
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 75
Andrew M. Lorrey
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
37
70
5,770
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 76
Rudy Kloser
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
37
78
5,515
Deep-sea ecosystems
acoustics
optics
ecosystem structure and function
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 77
Eun-Pa Lim
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
35
57
3,964
variability and predictability of large-scale circulations (e.g. ENSO
IOD
SAM )
seasonal prediction
dynamics & statistics of
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 78
Scott Chambers
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
35
82
4,986
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 79
Andrew Marshall
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
35
52
3,735
Subseasonal to seasonal climate prediction
variability and extremes
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 80
Jenny Fisher
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
34
49
6,159
Atmospheric Chemistry
Chemical Transport Models
Pollution Transport
Arctic Pollution
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 81
Mark Thyer
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
34
56
5,262
hydrology
flood and drought
stormwater
water use
risk and uncertainty
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 82
Alastair Williams
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
34
79
3,434
boundary layer meteorology
atmospheric turbulence and mixing
atmospheric radon
atmospheric composition
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 84
Gilbert Brunet
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
34
55
5,940
Numerical Weather-Climate-Environmental Prediction
Weather and Climate Dynamics
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 85
Gemma Anderson
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
33
61
3,429
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 87
Conrad Wasko
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
32
55
4,558
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 88
Sven Buder
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
32
64
4,034
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 89
Piet Verburg
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
32
61
6,559
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 90
Robyn Schofield
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
32
52
3,199
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 91
Lynda E Chambers
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
32
59
5,782
Ecology
Climatology
Traditional Knowledge
Statistics
Biodiversity
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 92
Jin Teng
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
32
48
5,725
Hydroclimatology
Hydological modelling
Flood inundation modelling
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 93
Angus Gray-Weale
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
32
56
6,084
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 94
Jatin Kala
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
31
43
5,986
Land-Atmosphere Interactions
Boundary-Layer Meteorology
Regional Climate Modeling
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 95
Pandora Hope
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
31
60
5,187
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 96
Ross Corkrey
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
31
77
3,274
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 97
Terence J O'Kane
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
31
67
2,749
atmospheric science
oceanography
geophysical fluids
machine learning
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 98
Anna M Moore
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
31
72
3,436
Rankings
Ranking Based On Selection: 99
Sander Scheffers
Metrics
H-Index
i10 Index
Citation Counts
31
52
3,829
Marine Science
Decommissioning
Ecotoxicology
Coral Reef Ecology
Biodiversity